Chapter : 6. Carbon and Its Compound
Allotropy
28. Allotropy : It is a property due to which an element can exist in more than one form which differ in physical properties but have similar chemical properties, e.g., carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, oxygen show allotropy,
29. Isotopes of Carbon : Naturally occurring carbon has two stable isotopes
(98.9%) and 
(1.1%) in addition to traces of radioactive 
isotope which is used to determine the age of archaeological specimen of organic origin. The isotope is the international standard for atomic mass measurement and assigned a mass of 12.00000 units.
30. Allotropes of Carbon : The carbon exists both in crystalline and amorphous forms. The two well known allotropes of carbon are diamond and graphite.
31. Fullerenes : A third form of carbon known as fullerenes were discovered by H.W. Kroto, R.F. Curt and R.E. Smalley. Fullerenes consist of hollow cage of carbon atoms. They are large spheroidal molecules of composition C2n ; two important members of this family are C60 and C70. The 1996 Nobel Prize was awarded to above scientists for the discovery of fullerenes.
(The structure of C60, Buckminsterfullerene : Note that the molecule has the shape of a soccer ball (football))
29. Isotopes of Carbon : Naturally occurring carbon has two stable isotopes
(98.9%) and (1.1%) in addition to traces of radioactive isotope which is used to determine the age of archaeological specimen of organic origin. The isotope is the international standard for atomic mass measurement and assigned a mass of 12.00000 units. 30. Allotropes of Carbon : The carbon exists both in crystalline and amorphous forms. The two well known allotropes of carbon are diamond and graphite.
31. Fullerenes : A third form of carbon known as fullerenes were discovered by H.W. Kroto, R.F. Curt and R.E. Smalley. Fullerenes consist of hollow cage of carbon atoms. They are large spheroidal molecules of composition C2n ; two important members of this family are C60 and C70. The 1996 Nobel Prize was awarded to above scientists for the discovery of fullerenes.
(The structure of C60, Buckminsterfullerene : Note that the molecule has the shape of a soccer ball (football))
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