Chapter : 6. Source of Energy
Nuclear Energy
(D) Nuclear Energy :
Nuclear fission :
The process of splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei of comparable masses (after bombardment with a energetic particle) with liberation of energy is called nuclear fission.
Fission Reaction of U235
92U235 + 0n1 → 56Ba141 + 36Kr92 + 30n1 + Q
♦ The energy released in U235 fission is about 200MeV or 0.8 MeV per nucleon.
♦ Fission of U235 occurs by slow neutrons only (of energy about 1eV) or even by thermal neutrons (of energy about 0.025 eV).
♦ The neutrons released during the fission process are called prompt neutrons.
♦ Most of energy released appears in the form of kinetic energy of fission fragments.
Nuclear Fusion :
It has been observed that under special conditions, it is possible for the nuclei of light elements to combine and form a nucleus of a high atomic number. When two or more light nuclei moving at very high speed are fused together to form a heavy nucleus, then the process is known as nuclear fusion.
The mass of the product nucleus is smaller than the sum of the masses of the nuclei which were fused. The lost mass is converted into energy which is released in the process.
The triton so formed can further fuse with a third deuteron to form an α–particle (Helium–nucleus).
Nuclear fission :
The process of splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei of comparable masses (after bombardment with a energetic particle) with liberation of energy is called nuclear fission.
Fission Reaction of U235
92U235 + 0n1 → 56Ba141 + 36Kr92 + 30n1 + Q
♦ The energy released in U235 fission is about 200MeV or 0.8 MeV per nucleon.
♦ Fission of U235 occurs by slow neutrons only (of energy about 1eV) or even by thermal neutrons (of energy about 0.025 eV).
♦ The neutrons released during the fission process are called prompt neutrons.
♦ Most of energy released appears in the form of kinetic energy of fission fragments.
Nuclear Fusion :
It has been observed that under special conditions, it is possible for the nuclei of light elements to combine and form a nucleus of a high atomic number. When two or more light nuclei moving at very high speed are fused together to form a heavy nucleus, then the process is known as nuclear fusion.
The mass of the product nucleus is smaller than the sum of the masses of the nuclei which were fused. The lost mass is converted into energy which is released in the process.
The triton so formed can further fuse with a third deuteron to form an α–particle (Helium–nucleus).
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