Coal and Petroleum Biology, knowledgeuniverseonline.com

Chapter : 1. Minerals and Energy Resources

Conventional Sources Of Energy

Conventional Sources Of Energy
1. Coal :
1. Coal provides a substantial part of the nation’s energy need. It is used for power generation.
2. India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirements.
3. Coal is formed due to compression of plant material over million of years.
4. Coal is formed in a variety of forms depending on the degrees of compression and the depth and time of burial.
Varieities of Coal and its availability :
1. Anthracite Coal :
1. This is the best quality of Coal and contain over 80 % carbon.
2. It is very hard, compact jet black Coal having a semi metallic lustre.
3. It has the highest heating value and burns without smoke or root, which make it suitable for domestic use.
4. It is found only in Jammu Kashmir and that too in small quantity.

2. Bituminous Coal :
1. This is the most widely used coal and contains 60 to 80 % carbon.
2. It is dense, compact, brittle and is usually of black colour.
3. Its colorific value is very high due to high proportion of carbon and low moisture content.
4. It is found in Jharkhand, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh.
3. Lignite :
1. It is also known as brown coal.
2. Lignite is a lower grade coal which is soft with high moisture content and contain about 60 % carbon.
3. Its colour varies from dark to black brown.
4. It is found in Palna of Rajasthan, Neyveli of Tamil Nadu, Hakhimpur of Assam and Karewa of Jammu & Kashmir.
Peat :
1. This is the first state of transformation of wood into coal.
2. It contains 50-60 % carbon.
3. It burns like wood, gives less heat, emits more smoke and leaves a lot of ash after burning.

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