Chapter : 2. Physical Features of India
1. The Himalayan Mountains
Purvanchal or the Eastern hills and mountains :
Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply to the south and spread along the eastern boundary of India. They are known as the purvanchal or the Eastern hills and mountains. These hills running through the northeastern state are mostly composed of strong sandstones which are sedimentary rocks. Covered with dense forests, they mostly run as parallel ranges and valleys. The Purvanchal comprises the Patkai hills, the Naga hills, Manipur hills and the Mizo hills.
On the the basis of the location Himalayas can be divided as follows :
1. Western Himalayas (Punjab Himalayas) : The western section lying between the Indus and the Satluj, covers large parts of Jammu and Kashmir and a part of Himachal Pradesh. They are made up of Ladakh, Zoskar and Pir Panjal ranges.
2. Central Himalayas : The section between the Satluj and Kali is known as Kumayon Himalayas. They extend through the state of Uttaranchal in India and Nepal.
3. Easterm Himalayas : The section between the Kali and Tista is known as the Nepal Himalayas.
4. Assam Himalayas : The section between the Tista & Dihang is known as Assam Himalayas or Purvanchal. They are made of Patkai, Naga and Mizo hills. These hills are mainly composed of strong sand stones.
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