Geography


Chapter : 2. Physical Features of India

3. The Peninsular Plateau

To the south of the Ganga plain of northern India lies the extensive peninsular plateau. This plateau covering nearly half of the area of India is triangular in shape with a broad base in the north and a narrow apex in the south. The peninsular plateau is made up of ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is the oldest part of the Indian sub continents. It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land and thus, making it a part of the oldest landmass. The plateau has broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills. One of the distinct features of the peninsular plateau is the black soil area known as Deccan Trap. This is of volcanic origin hence the rocks are igneous. Actually these rocks have denuded over time and are responsible for the formation of black soil. The Aravali Hills lie on the western and northwestern margins of the peninsular plateau. These are highly eroded hills and are found as broken hills. They extend from Gujarat to Delhi in a southwest-northwest direction. The plateau has an undulating surface with gentle slopes. This plateau is divided by the Narmada river into two parts.
(A) The Central Highlands
(B) The Deccan Plateau.
The boundary between these two units is formed by the Vindhya Range.

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