Geography

Latitude : The tropic of cancer passes through the middle of the country from the Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. Almost half of the country lying south of the tropic of cancer belongs to the tropical area. All the remaining area, north of the Tropic, lies in the subtropics. Therefore, India’s climate has tropical & subtropical climate.
Altitude : India has mountains, to the north, which have an average height of about 6000 metres. India has a vast coastal area where the maximum elevation is about 30 metres. The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the subcontinent. Because of these mountains, experiences comparatively milder winter as compared to Central Asia.
Pressure and winds : The climate and associated weather conditions in India are governed by the following atmospheric condition.
(A) Pressure and surface winds.
(B) Upper air circulation.
(C) Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclone.
The pressure conditions exerted by the surrounding countries like East Africa, Iran, Central Asia also influence the climate condition of India. The fury of monsoons as well as long dry spell in India are mainly due to the pressure conditions in the above mentioned countries.
Winds especially Typhoons, Air current and monsoon also have a great bearing on the climate of India. Typhoons originating in the China sea also have a great bearing on the weather conditions in India.
Distance from the sea : The location of seas on the three sides of India has exerted a moderate influence on much of the Indian sub continent. As the distance from the sea increases its moderating influence decreases.
Physiography : It plays an important role in determining the climate of a place. The location of the Himalayas in the north has acted as a great barrier to the cold winds of the north. But for the Himalayas, India would have become a cold country.