Chapter : 2. Physical Features of India
2. The Northern Plains
On the basis of the differences in the relief, the plain is divided into (1) Bhabar (2) Tarai (3) Bhangar (4) Khadar. (1) Bhabar : It is narrow belt covered with pebbles lies along the foot of the Shiwaliks from the Indus to the Tista. They are laid down by numerous streams descending down the Hills. The pebbled beds are parallel to the slope of the river bed. This belt is about 8 to 16 k.m. in width.
(2) Tarai : South of Bhabar belt, the streams and rivers reemerge and create a wet and marshy area. It has a thick forest and a variety of wild life.
(3) The Bhangar : It is composed of old alluvium. It is formed higher up in the plains of rivers and present a ressace like feature. It is less fertile as compared to Khaddar. The soil in this region contains calcareous deposits called kankar.
(4) Khaddar : It is composed of new alluvium. It is formed in the lower levels in the plains near the river. It is very fertile as they are renewed almost every year. It is ideal for intensive agriculture.
| | Bhangar | Khadar |
|---|
| 1 | Old alluviam | New alluviam |
| 2 | Is always above the level of the flood plains | Is finer, more sandy & free from kanker modules |
| 3 | Less fertile | More fertile |
| 4 | Found away from the river-bed | Found near river channels, in deltas |
| 5 | Clayey & dark | Sandy & light in colour |
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