History

(ii) The Participants and their varying Expectations :
(1) The poor peasants were not interested in the lowering of the revenue demand. Congress was unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most of the places.
(2) During the First World War, Indian merchants and industrialists had made huge profits and become powerful. They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods. The Indian
(a) Industrial and commercial formed in1920 & the Federation of the Indian.
(b) Was organized for their business intersects. Chambers of Commerce and Industries in 1927.
Led by several Indian industralists, the colonial control Indian economy was attacked and they supported the Civil Disobedience Movement when it was first launched.
(3) The Industrial Working Classes did not participated in the Civil disobedience Movement in large number except in the Nagpur region. There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dock workers in 1932.
(4) Another feature of the movement was the large scale participation of women. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.
(iii) Civil Disobedience did not Attract All :
(1) Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of Swaraj. In 1930 the untouchables called themselves Dalit or oppressed. Gandhiji called them Harijan and organised to secure them entry into temples and access to public wells, tanks roads and schools. He himself cleaned toilets to dignity the work of the sweepers and persuaded to upper classes to change their heart. Civil disobedience Movement was therefore limited particularly in the Maharastra and Nagpur region where their organisation was strong.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar organised the dalits in to the Depressed Classes Association in 1930. He clashed with Gandhiji at the 2nd Round Table Conference by demanding Separate electorates for dalits. When the British government conceded Ambedkar’s demand. Gandhiji began a fast untill death. He told that this demand will slow down the process of the Swaraj. The dalit movement however connected to be apprehensive of the congress led national movement.
(2) Muslim organisations were also not so much interested in Civil Disobedience Movement. After the fall of the Non Cooperation-Khilafat movement, a large number of Muslims felt alienated from the Congress. Because of Hindu religious nationalist groups like Hindu Mahasabha, the relations between Hindu and Muslims worsened.