Chapter : 3. Nationalism in India
Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre
Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre :
On April 13, people gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh for a protest meeting. General Dyer came and blocked the exit point and ordered his men to open fire. He wanted to create a state of terror in the minds of the people. Hundreds of people died and were wounded.
As the news of Jalliawalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many towns. There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government property. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorise people. Being angry, people started violence. So Gandhiji called off the movement.
Khilafat Movement :
The after effect of this issue was that the Hindus and Muslims came together. Gandhiji felt that this is the time to join hands with the Khilafat movement. In Turkey, the British Government was not willing to accept the authority of ‘Khalifa’. So the Khilafat movement was started in India by the Indian Muslims. Gandhiji started Non Cooperation Movement in Sept. 1920 in the support of Khilafat movement.
(iii) Why Non-cooperation ? : It was decided that in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched. In 1921 Gandhiji and Shaukat Ali started thpe movement. It began with the surrender of titles that the government awarded and boycott of Civil Services, army, police, courts and legislative councils.
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