Chapter : 3. Nazism And The Rise Of Hitler
(A) Long Term Causes of The Second World War
(A) Long Term Causes of The Second World War
5. The weakness of the League of Nations : The League of Nations was set up to maintain peace in the world. But it failed in its objective. Actually, the League of Nations has no power to act on its own initiative to preserve peace in the world. Moreover, the U.S.A. did not become its member, because the U.S. Senate did not ratify the Covenant of the League of Nations.
6. Formation of Rival Groups of States : European nations began to doubt Hitler’s motives. They formed power Blocs of Nations for their security. So before the outbreak of the Second World War, Europe was divided into rival camps.
7. U.S. Policy of Keeping Aloof : After the First World War, the U.S.A. kept herself aloof from the European politics. She did not join even the League of Nations. American aloofness and her non-interference helped the military regimes of Germany and Italy to pursue their aggressive and militant policy.
8. The Policy of Appeasement : This policy was followed by England, and France, before the second world war. Under this, these countries ignored the progressive policy of Germany and Italy. Many factors contributed for the adoption of this policy :
1. The main basis of this policy was the fear of socialism.
2. Fascist powers were against socialism so these countries wanted to use it against Russia and other socialist countries.
They did not care to enforce the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, when Hitler started to flout it openly. The heads of four nations-Germany, Italy, Britain and France-met at Munich on September 29, 1938 and decided to hand over Sudetenland to Germany. The Czechos were persuaded by them to accept the Munich Pact in the name of world peace. But actually, they were appeasing Hitler at the cost of Czechoslovakia. Hitler’s troops occupied Sudentanland on 5th October, 1938 and later on whole of Czeschoslovakia became a German satellite. Thus the Anglo-French policy of appeasement proved dangerous for world peace.
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