Chapter : 1. Metals & Non Metals
Principles of metallurgy
Principles of metallurgy
The extraction of a metal from its ore depends upon the reactivity of the metals.
1. Metals at the top of the activity series (K, Na, Ca, Mg, etc.) are highly reactive. They do not occur in the free state. They are extracted by the electrolysis of the molten ore.
2. Metals in the middle of the activity series (Zn, Fe, Pb, etc.) are moderately reactive. These are obtained by roasting and calcination of their sulphide or carbonate ore.
3. Metals at the bottom of the activity series (Au, Ag, Pt, Cu) being the least reactive are found in the free state. Copper and silver also occur as their sulphide or oxide ores. These are obtained by the process of roasting.
Metallurgical Operations :
The various steps used in metallurgy are listed below.
1. Enrichment or dressing of the ore
2. Conversion of the enriched ore into the oxide of metal
3. Extraction of metal from the metal oxide
4. Refining or purification of the metal
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