Chapter : 1. The cell
Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Functions :
• Support. The ER acts as supporting skeletal framework of the cell and also maintains its form.
•Transport of materials. The ER facilitates transport of materials from one part of the cell to another.
• Exchange of materials. The ER helps in the exchange of materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
•Localization of organelles. It keeps the cell organelles properly stationed and distributed in relation synthesis.
• Surface for protein synthesis. The RER offers extensive surface on which ribosomes carry protein synthesis.
• Surface for synthesis of other substances. The SER provides surface for the synthesis of lipids including phospholipids, cholesterol and steroid hormones.
•Packaging. The proteins formed on ribosomes pass into ER lumen where they are modified. Then, the modified proteins move into the transitional area where the ER buds off transport vesicles carrying the proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Here, they are further processed and packaged into secretory vesicle for export by exocytosis at the plasma membrane. Examples of secretory proteins include, mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones.
• Detoxification. The SER brings about detoxification in the liver, i.e., it converts harmful materials (drugs, insecticides, pollutants and poisons) into harmless substances for excretion by the cell.
• Formation of organelles. The SER produces Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and vacuoles.
• Membrane formation. Plasma membrane and other cellular membranes are formed by ER.
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