Chapter : 3. Atoms & Molecules
Empirical formula
Rules for writing the empirical formula
The empirical formula is determined by the following steps :
Divide the percentage of each elements by its atomic mass. This gives the relative number of moles of various elements present in the compound.
Divide the quotients obtained in the above step by the smallest of them so as to get a simple ratio of moles of various elements.
Multiply the figures, so obtained by a suitable integer, if necessary, in order to obtain whole number ratio.
Finally write down the symbols of the various elements side by side and put the above numbers as the subscripts to the lower right hand corner of each symbol. This will represent the empirical formula of the compound.
Example. A substance, on analysis, gave the following composition : Na = 43.4%, C = 11.3%, O = 45.3%. Calculate its empirical formula
[Atomic masses = Na = 23, C = 12, O = 16]
Solution.
Therefore, the empirical formula is Na2CO3.
The empirical formula is determined by the following steps :
Divide the percentage of each elements by its atomic mass. This gives the relative number of moles of various elements present in the compound.
Divide the quotients obtained in the above step by the smallest of them so as to get a simple ratio of moles of various elements.
Multiply the figures, so obtained by a suitable integer, if necessary, in order to obtain whole number ratio.
Finally write down the symbols of the various elements side by side and put the above numbers as the subscripts to the lower right hand corner of each symbol. This will represent the empirical formula of the compound.
Example. A substance, on analysis, gave the following composition : Na = 43.4%, C = 11.3%, O = 45.3%. Calculate its empirical formula
[Atomic masses = Na = 23, C = 12, O = 16]
Solution.
Therefore, the empirical formula is Na2CO3.
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