Chapter : 1. Metals & Non Metals
Minerals and Ores
Ores:
The minerals from which metals can be obtained on a commercial scale are called ores. In other words, the minerals from which metals can be extracted profitably are called ores. Both bauxite (Al2O3 2H2O) and clay (Al2O3 2SiO2.2H2O) are minerals of aluminium. However, it is bauxite that is chiefly used to obtain aluminium commercially. So, bauxite, not clay, is an ore of aluminium. Thus:
(i) All ores are minerals, but all minerals are not ores.
(ii) An are is rich in the amount of the metal. The amount of foreign materials or impurities is low in an ore.
Different types of ores
The different types of ores that are used in the extraction of metals are listed below.
1. Oxides : Copper, aluminium, zinc, tin, iron, etc., occur as oxides.
2. Sulphides : Silver, copper, zinc, mercury, lead, iron, etc., occur as sulphides.
3. Carbonates : Sodium, copper, calcium, magnesium, zinc, lead, iron, etc., occur as carbonates.
4. Sulphates : Sodium, calcium, magnesium, lead, etc., occur as sulphates.
5. Halides : Sodium, calcium, silver, etc., occur as halides.
6. Phosphates : Calcium occurs as phosphate.
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