Chemistry

Separation by filtration :
Separation by centrifugation :
Separation by Evaporation : The changing of liquid into vapours is called evaporation. Evaporation is used to separate a solid substance that has dissolved in water (or any other liquid). The dissolved substance is left as a solid residue when all the water (or liquid) has evaporated. The use of process of evaporation for separating a mixture is based on the fact that liquids vapourise easily whereas solids do not vapourise easily. Though evaporation of a liquid can take place even at room temperature but it is very slow at room temperature. Evaporation can be made quicker by heating the solution.
If we have a mixture of common salt and water, then we cannot separate common salt from water by filtration or centrifugation. This is because common salt is completely dissolved in water and not insoluble in it. We can recover common salt from salt-water mixture (or salt solution) by the process of evaporation.
Example. The common salt dissolved in water can be separated by the process of evaporation. The solution of common salt and water is taken in a china dish and heated gently by using a burner. The water present in salt solution will form water vapours and escape into atmosphere. When all the water present in the solution of common salt and water gets evaporated, then common salt is left behind in the china dish as a white solid.
The process of evaporation is used on a large scale to obtain common salt from sea-water.
Purification by crystallisation :
Separation by chromatography :
Separation by distillation :