Chapter : 1. Metals & Non Metals
Leaching or chemical separation
(v) Leaching or chemical separation : In this method, the powdered ore is treated with a suitable solvent. The ore dissolves in it while the impurities remain undissolved. For example, the bauxite ore contains Fe2O3, SiO2 etc., as impurities. The ore is powdered and treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide. Al2O3 तथा SiO2 present in the ore dissolve, forming sodium aluminate and sodium silicate respectively. The impurities are left behind undissolved. The impurities are filtered off. The filtrate containing sodium aluminate and sodium silicate is stirred with some freshly prepared aluminium hydroxide for several hours. Sodium aluminate undergoes hydrolysis producing aluminium hydroxide as precipitate. The addition of aluminium hydroxide accelerates the precipitation of hydroxide. Soluble sodium silicate remains in solution. The precipitate, when filtered, washed, dried and ignited, gives pure alumina (Al2O3).
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