Chapter : 1. Metals & Non Metals
Extraction of metal from metal oxide
Extraction of metal from metal oxide :
A metal oxide thus produced is then reduced into metal. For this, the method used depends upon the reactivity of the metal being extracted. The following methods are used.
(i) Reduction by heat alone Metals occupying lower positions in the activity series can be obtained by heating their oxides.
2HgS + 3O2 → 2HgO + 2SO2
2HgO → 2Hg + O2
(ii) Chemical reduction Metals in the middle of the activity series (Fe, Zn, Ni, Sn, etc.) cannot be obtained by heating their compounds alone. They require to be heated with a reducing agent, usually carbon (coke). When a metal oxide is heated with carbon, it is reduced to free metal.
The reduction of metal oxides with carbon is known as smelting. The impurities are removed as slag
Examples :
(i) When zinc oxide is heated with carbon, zinc metal is obtained.
ZnO + C → Zn + CO
(ii) When stannic oxide is heated with carbon, tin metal is produced.
SnO2 + 2C → Sn + 2CO
(iii) Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) is reduced to iron by heating with coke in a blast furnace.
Fe2O3 + 3C → 2Fe + 3CO
A metal oxide thus produced is then reduced into metal. For this, the method used depends upon the reactivity of the metal being extracted. The following methods are used.
(i) Reduction by heat alone Metals occupying lower positions in the activity series can be obtained by heating their oxides.
2HgS + 3O2 → 2HgO + 2SO2
2HgO → 2Hg + O2
(ii) Chemical reduction Metals in the middle of the activity series (Fe, Zn, Ni, Sn, etc.) cannot be obtained by heating their compounds alone. They require to be heated with a reducing agent, usually carbon (coke). When a metal oxide is heated with carbon, it is reduced to free metal.
The reduction of metal oxides with carbon is known as smelting. The impurities are removed as slag
Examples :
(i) When zinc oxide is heated with carbon, zinc metal is obtained.
ZnO + C → Zn + CO
(ii) When stannic oxide is heated with carbon, tin metal is produced.
SnO2 + 2C → Sn + 2CO
(iii) Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) is reduced to iron by heating with coke in a blast furnace.
Fe2O3 + 3C → 2Fe + 3CO
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